Fluoridation

1. systemic – tooth still under gingiva (enamel no vessels) ; pre-eruptive stage

2. locally (on surface of teeth) ; post-eruptive stage

morphology: smaller cusps / shallower fissures

2) structure of crystal

Hydroxyapatite phosphate, Calcium hydroxides (CaOH) -> F

 

1. systematic application >> everyday, regular diet
   1. water ~1 mg/L
   2. milk 3~5 mg/L
   3. salt 250mg/Kg
   4. tablets

white spots on teeth. >> water ; tap, bottled.

daily water intake not consistent. <-> milk – binds to calcium, higher dose needed. , salt

— don’t know the exact intake. overdose. >> developmental disorders.

— children of higher caries risk group ; extra fluoride intake

(KNOW THE C.C. Values + MEASUREMENT)

1. Local: home, professional
   1. toothpaste: 1450 ppm / <6 : 500 ppm (eruption of permanent teeth)
   2. homecare F gels: weekly use 12,500 ppm
2. professional 3 ~ 6 month
   1. gels > 20,000 ppm (usually 22,- ppm)
   2. varnishes

electric way; special tray, enhance changing of ions — iontophoresis (obsolete)

homecare: finger, tray. <<fluoride splints>>

Deep Vacuum Technique (vacuum forming tech.)

1. Tray : only function; support for other materials
   1. fluoride gels
   2. whitening (bleaching) gels
2. Splint : function in holding the teeth in place
   1. mouthguard: only the teeth. teeth grinding. bruxidant.
   2. retention: after orthodontic treatment. from hard material. keeps teeth aligned.

 

tray sheet
composite : filler + resin ; extra space
temporary. light curing. photoinitiator. 20 sec.

Calcium sulfate = Gypsum (Negative of Negative -> Positive)